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Manuel I Megas Komnenos (Greek: Μανουήλ Α΄ Μέγας Κομνηνός, ''Manouēl I Megas Komnēnos'')〔In an inscription on the church of Hagia Sophia of Trebizond, Manuel is known simply as "Manuel Komnenos". George Finlay, ''The History of Greece and the Empire of Trebizond, (1204-1461)'' (Edinburgh: William Blackwood, 1851), p. 319 n. 1〕 (died March 1263) was an Emperor of Trebizond, from 1238 until his death. At the time Manuel reigned, the Empire of Trebizond comprised a band of territory stretching along the southern coast of the Black Sea. Although Michael Panaretos, a 14th-century Greek chronicler, calls Manuel "the greatest general and the most fortunate" and states he ruled "virtuously in the eyes of God", the only event he documents for Manuel's reign is a catastrophic fire striking the city of Trebizond in January 1253.〔Panaretos, ''Chronicle'', ch. 3. Greek text in ''Original-Fragmente, Chroniken, Inschiften und anderes Materiale zur Geschichte des Kaiserthums Trapezunt'', part 2; in ''Abhandlungen der historischen Classe der königlich bayerischen Akademie'' 4 (1844), abth. 1, pp. 12; German translation, p. 42〕 The major events of his reign are known from external sources, most important of which is the recovery of Sinope in 1254, which had been lost to the Sultanate of Rum forty years before. == Manuel and the Mongols == In 1243, a Trapezuntine army is recorded as assisting the Seljuk Turks, along with a detachment from the Nicaean Empire, against the Mongols of Persia at the Battle of Köse Dag.〔Sources in Rustam Shukurov, "Trebizond and the Seljuks (1204-1299)", ''Mesogeios'', 25-26 (2005), pp. 120f〕 Despite this, the Seljuk forces were shattered, and both the Seljuks and their allies had to settle their own submission to the victorious Mongols. Manuel visited in person the court of the Great Khan Güyük as early as 1246; this was an important act, as Rustam Shukurov notes, for the personal visit of a vassal ruler to the Khan’s camp was regarded as an indispensable ceremony; it brought these persons into the "family" of the Great Khan.〔Shukurov, "Trebizond and the Seljuks", p. 121〕 "Seljuk Anatolia was under tight Mongol control," Shukurov writes. "Any serious change in social and political life (including appointments to key offices) required Mongol approval and sanction, which was embodied, in particular, in ''yarlighs''."〔Shukurov, "Trebizond and the Seljuks", p. 122〕 On 24 June 1254, Manuel recaptured Sinope, and made Ghadras ''archon'' of the Black Sea port.〔Maria Nystazooulou, ("La dernière reconquête de Sinope par les Grecs de Trébizonde (1254-1265)" ), ''Revue des études byzantines'', 22 (1964), pp. 241-9; Shukurov, "Trebizond and the Seljuks", p. 121〕 Kurškanskis suggests that Manuel had obtained a ''yarligh'' prior to this attack, although he admits doing so would have been inconsistent with the practices of the Grand Komnenes.〔Kuršanskis, ("L'empire de Trébizonde et les Turcs au 13e siècle )", ''Revue des études byzantines'', 46 (1988), p. 121〕 For the years Manuel held this port, the Seljuk Turks were landlocked, making Trebizond once again the major naval power in the Black Sea. Shukurov argees with Kurškanskis that Manuel had been given a ''yarligh'' by the Ilkhanite Mongols to recover Sinope, and argues further that it was done to embarrass the Golden Horde, who were the masters of the Seljuk Turks; the governor of Sinope at the time Manuel captured the port was ''ra’is al-bahr'' Shuja al-Din 'Abd al-Rahman, the Seljuk naval commander-in-chief, who had taken part in the Seljuk embassy to Batu Khan, ruler of the Golden Horde in 1253, where he received Batu's ''yarligh'' investing him with the office of ''na'ib''.〔Shukurov, "Trebizond and the Seljuks", pp. 116, 122〕 A few years later, in October 1256, one of the three brothers who inherited the Seljuk Sultanate of Rum, Kaykaus II, was defeated by Baiju and fled to sanctuary in the Nicaean Empire, moving Anatolia from the sphere the Golden Horde controlled firmly into the Ilkhanite.〔Shukurov, "Trebizond and the Seljuks", p. 117〕 Manuel Megas Komnenos died in March 1263, having "recommended and chosen"—to use Panaretos' words—his oldest son Andronikos as his successor. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Manuel I of Trebizond」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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